Integrating landscape ecology and the assessment of ecosystem services in the study of karst areas

ContextA landscape is defined as a “system of ecosystems” and this model in which karst areas can easily be integrated. In areas, much the connectivity between units underground, with aquifers caves forming continuous layered tissue. However, underground environments are among least studied landscapes on Earth because limited accessibility difficulty performing surveys.ObjectivesThe aim paper to provide conceptual framework for applying principles ecology research environments.MethodsBy adapting standard patch-corridor-matrix 3d model, main issues that need addressed were identified. These include identifying morphological (surface underground) features; determining structure through its features, composition, configuration; developing adequate indices.ResultsThe spatial different influences fundamental ecological functions biodiversity patterns. Determining how structure, biodiversity, relate reveals important insights into functioning systems. Emphasizing provisioning ecosystem services essential supporting concept regions vital human well-being they host valuable resources processes. The discusses helps address anthropogenic impacts conservation karst.ConclusionsThe potential approach systems lies models information relevant understanding their implications natural management.